This volume contains eight papers pertaining to the causes and consequences of big changes taking place in labor markets worldwide. Two papers deal with changing demographics, four with government programs, and two with knowledge acquisition. Among the questions answered are: Why do spouses often retire in the same year, despite the younger age of most wives? Why are fertility rates still dropping? Are training programs, such as the US Job Corps, cost effective? What are the consequences of European trends towards temporary rather than permanent employment? How important is school quality in one’s future success? Does land reform in developing countries decrease child labor? Did changing welfare policies affect parental time with children? How do businesses use corporate travel to acquire knowledge?