After three decades of economic reform, China is experiencing substantial demographic changes and a steady structural transformation toward a market economy. These phenomena pose major challenges for the Chinese labor market, which are at the center of the booming academic and policy research in recent years. This volume presents fresh knowledge on labor market issues in China. It contains six original research articles that offer insights and answers to question such as the following: How expansion of higher education affects the employment prospects of young Chinese workers? How rural migration affects the occupational choices of those left-behind? How public-sector restructuring has affected occupation mobility across gender? How social insurance coverage in urban China has evolved over time and how can participation be enhanced? How the rural pension scheme can be reformed to address the low participation rate especially among younger workers?